For what it's worth, the random death is actually not a patch bug; it's a ZUN bug! This is the "ghost cheeto" bug, only discovered recently. If you defeat Yuki or Mai during their combined fight while the aimed laser shot ("cheeto") is in effect, the attack will actually resume when you fight Shinki, because ZUN forgot to clear this data.
ZPS discovered this bug in 2018:
You can see a Jaimers replay from 2011 where they die to the ghost cheeto:
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